Enzymes in nonaqueous solvents : methods and protocols / edited by Evgeny N. Vulfson, Peter J. Halling, and Herbert L. Holland.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Print version record.

In recent years, enzymatic catalysis in organic solvents-as opposed to aqueous solutions-has gained considerable attention as a powerful new approach to the preparation of natural products, pharmaceuticals, fine chemicals, and food ingredients. In Enzymes in Nonaqueous Solvents: Methods and Protocols, leading chemists, biochemists, biotechnologists, and process engineers summarize for the first time a wide range of methods for executing enzymatic transformations under nonaqueous conditions. Each method includes detailed step-by-step instructions for its successful completion, a list of materials, and ancillary notes that explain the scientific basis of the procedure, as well as troubleshooting. Also provided are a generic description of key reactions, advice on biocatalyst preparation, discussion of reaction conditions, and instructions on bioreactor design. Comprehensive and state-of-the-art, Enzymes in Nonaqueous Solvents: Methods and Protocols offers today's synthetic chemists, biochemists, and process engineers all the essential information needed to carry out enzymatic reactions in nonaqueous media, as well as to successfully scale up to production quantities.

880-01 Enzymes in Nonaqueous Solvents -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- PART I CONTROL OF ENZYME ACTIVITY IN NONAQUEOUS SOLVENTS -- 1 Salt-Induced Activation of Enzymes in Organic Solvents: Optimizing the Lyophilization Time and Water Content -- 2 Imprinting Enzymes for Use in Organic Media -- 3 Entrapment of Biocatalysts by Prepolymer Methods -- 4 Microencapsulation of Enzymes and Cells for Nonaqueous Biotransformations -- 5 Immobilization of Lipases on Hydrogels -- 6 Polyethylene Glycol-Modified Enzymes in Hydrophobic Media

7 Chemical Modification of Lipase for Use in Ester Synthesis8 Preparation and Properties in Organic Solvents of Noncovalent PEG�Enzyme Complexes -- 9 Preparation of a Lipid-Coated Enzyme and Activity for Reverse Hydrolysis Reactions in Homogeneous Organic Media -- 10 Very High Activity Biocatalysts for Low-Water Systems: Propanol-Rinsed Enzyme Preparations -- 11 Methods for Measurement and Control of Water in Nonaqueous Biocatalysis -- 12 Water Activity Control in Organic Media by Equilibration Through Membranes

13 Water Activity Control for Lipase-Catalyzed Reactions in Nonaqueous Media14 Immobilization of Enzymes and Control of Water Activity in Low-Water Media: Properties and Applications of Celite R-640 (Celite Rods) -- 15 Enzyme Activity and Enantioselectivity Measurements in Organic Media -- 16 Calorimetric Methods in Evaluating Hydration and Solvation of Solid Proteins Immersed in Organic Solvents -- 17 Detection of Structural Changes of Enzymes in Nonaqueous Media by Fluorescence and CD Spectroscopy

18 The Effects of Crown Ethers on the Activity of Enzymes in Organic Solvents19 Control of Acid�Base Conditions in Low-Water Media -- 20 Enzymatic Acylation of alpha-Butylglucoside in Nonaqueous Media -- PART II SYNTHETIC APPLICATIONS -- 21 Choosing Hydrolases for Enantioselective Reactions Involving Alcohols Using Empirical Rules -- 22 Candida antarctica Lipase B: A Tool for the Preparation of Optically Active Alcohols -- 23 Enantioselective Lipase-Catalyzed Transesterifications in Organic Solvents

24 Pseudomonas cepacia Lipase-Catalyzed Enantioselective Acylation of 2-Substituted-1- alkanols in Organic Solvents25 Preparation of 2-, 3-, and 4-Methylcarboxylic Acids and the Corresponding Alcohols of High Enantiopurity by Lipase-Catalyzed Esterification -- 26 Optimization of Enzymatic Enantiomeric Resolutions Through Solvent Selection -- 27 Chemoselective Amidification of Amino-Polyols Catalyzed with Lipases in Organic Solvents -- 28 Synthesis of Esters Catalyzed by Lipases in Water-in-Oil Microemulsions

English.